Fundamentals

What is BMR? Basal metabolic rate explained

Your BMR is the energy your body burns just to keep you alive — and it's the foundation every calorie target is built on. Here's what it means, what changes it, and how to calculate yours.

By NutriBalance Team 7 min read Updated June 2026
Quick answer

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is the number of calories your body burns at complete rest to stay alive — powering your organs, breathing, circulation, and body temperature. It's roughly 60–70% of the calories you burn each day and forms the base of your TDEE. You estimate it with the Mifflin-St Jeor formula from your age, weight, height, and sex.

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In this guide
  1. What BMR is
  2. The three main BMR formulas
  3. What affects your BMR
  4. BMR vs TDEE
  5. Why your BMR matters
  6. FAQ

What BMR is

If you stayed in bed all day, doing absolutely nothing, you'd still burn a large number of calories — keeping your heart beating, your lungs working, your brain running, and your body warm. That baseline is your basal metabolic rate. For most people it's 1,200–1,800 calories a day, and it's the single biggest component of how much you burn.

The three main BMR formulas

Mifflin-St Jeor (most accurate for most people)

Men: (10 × kg) + (6.25 × cm) − (5 × age) + 5
Women: (10 × kg) + (6.25 × cm) − (5 × age) − 161

Revised Harris-Benedict (older, still common)

Men: 88.36 + (13.4 × kg) + (4.8 × cm) − (5.7 × age)
Women: 447.6 + (9.2 × kg) + (3.1 × cm) − (4.3 × age)

Katch-McArdle (best if you know body fat %)

370 + (21.6 × lean body mass kg)
Lean mass = weight × (1 − body fat %). Most accurate for lean, muscular people.

The BMR Calculator runs all three at once so you can compare — handy because Mifflin and Harris-Benedict can differ by 50–100 kcal, and Katch-McArdle pulls ahead once you have a body fat figure.

What affects your BMR

BMR vs TDEE

These two get confused constantly. BMR is rest only. TDEE is everything. You never eat at your BMR — that's the floor — you eat relative to your TDEE, which adds digestion, daily movement, and exercise on top. To go from one to the other, multiply BMR by an activity factor. Full breakdown in what is TDEE.

Don't eat below your BMR Setting your daily calories below your BMR for long stretches is a red flag — it tends to cause muscle loss, fatigue, and metabolic slowdown. If a deficit pushes your target near BMR, lose weight more slowly or raise your activity instead.

Why your BMR matters

BMR is the starting point for every calorie target. Once you know it, you calculate your TDEE, then adjust for your goal. It also tells you your safe lower limit, and it explains why building muscle quietly raises how much you can eat. Calculate it once, recheck it after a significant change in weight or training, and build everything else on top.

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FAQ

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is the calories your body burns at complete rest to keep you alive. It's roughly 60–70% of your total daily burn and the foundation of your TDEE. Calculate yours with the free BMR Calculator.

The most used formula is Mifflin-St Jeor: men, (10 × kg) + (6.25 × cm) − (5 × age) + 5; women, the same but − 161. Katch-McArdle is more accurate if you know your body fat percentage, as it's based on lean body mass.

BMR is the calories you burn at rest. TDEE is BMR plus digestion, daily movement, and exercise. TDEE is always higher and is what you base your eating on; BMR is the building block. See what is TDEE.

Yes, modestly — mainly by building muscle through resistance training, since muscle burns more at rest than fat. Staying well-fed (avoiding chronic crash diets) and staying active also help keep BMR from dropping. There's no supplement or "metabolism booster" that meaningfully raises it.